Blog post #9

The World of Islam

Islam was the new birth of religion. The central region of the Arabian Peninsula was inhabited by nomadic Arabs, known as Bedouins. The lived fiercely independent clans and tribes. They had a variety of gods, ancestors, and nature spirits.Valued personal bravery; group loyalty, and hospitality. One city Mecca, was an important role in Arabia. Mecca's dominant tribe was Quraysh. By the sixth century many tribes and clans took over Mecca. Muhammad Ibn Abdullah was an important person in the reading. Muhammad became known in Mecca. He began a new society and also declared movements independence from its earlier affiliation with Judaism.

Blog post #8
The Worlds of Christendom
Christianity played a big role for many different cultures and it still does today. In the 4th century Christianity became a state religion of Armenia, Axum, and the Roman Empire. The Introduction of Christianity came into Nubia in the 5th-6th centuries. In 476, the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire happened and during 527-565, Justinian rules Byzantine Empire. In the 7th century the Introduction of Christianity came to China and has spread to Islam. And in the 12th-13th centuries the Translations of Greek and Arab works were available in Europe. Christianity is one of the largest religion practiced today and is taught throughout the world today.

Blog post #7
Commerce and Culture
The growth of Silk roads were very important. Silk road trading networks prospered most when large and powerful states provided security for merchants an travelers. Silk road trade was during the seventh and eighth centuries. Over many centuries ago technology that was used were yokes, saddles, and stirrups, made the sue of camels, horses, and oxen more effective for transportation. Goods were transported from the Middle East along the way products were indigo, nuts, silk, dye, medicine, herd, and livestock. There were moving products for wealthy people and also spreaded immunity. Culture and religion were practiced and were learned for everyone traveling.
Sea roads were exchanged across the Indian ocean. On these routes you had to travel on boats and canoes. There were many cultural exchanges because when you travel your'e able to meet new people and talk with them. From East Asia there were cotton goods and peppers from India. Ivory/Gold from East Africa and were able to have larger cargo. They were Textiles,peppers, timber, rice, sugar, and wheat. The third road was the Sand road. San roads were exchanged across the Sahara. The use of camels caravans for traveling was much needed. Salves, gold and salt were products. This is significant because it connects to central Africa. There were many slave trades and spread of religion.

Blog #6 Africa or America?

I chose Africa because their civilizations have numerous separate societies, cultures and civilizations. I chose Africa because I want to learn more about the history and it sounds more interesting. The climate varies throughout the continent. The center of the continent has large grass lands and tropical rain forest. The North and South has small regions of mediterranean climates. The eastern part of the continent contains highlands and mountains. The culture of Bantu African farmers had many advantages.     

Part two: Talks about the second wave civilizations (500 B.C.E- 500 C.E) and explores the major civilizations of Eurasia, Chinese, India, Persian, and Mediterranean. Many of the second wave civ. perished, as the collapse of the Roman Empire, Han dynasty China, and the Mayan cities. Monarchs ruled most of the new civ. women remained subordinate to men and there was a sharp divide between the elite and everyone else. Another change is the growing size of the states or empires that strutted civ. Roman, Persian, India and Chinese empires. Along with Arab, Mongol, and Inca of the third wave. Each empires brought together in a single political system diversity of people. The world was very different from what it had been in the first civ, even though economic and social patterns didn't change.
Chapter 3: State and Empire in Eurasia/North Africa
The Eurasian empires of the second wave were Persia, Greece under Alexander the Great, Rome, China and the Han Dynasties, India and Gupta dynasties shared a set of problems. Their armies and tax collectors were hard to avoid. Also they were really bloody. The majority of human kind in the twentieth century have lived their lives in empires where they were governed by rulers. These states brought people together from different traditions, religions, culture, and values. Th empire played an important role by generating a warrior culture that gives prominence to men who created and ruled those imperial states.

What understanding of the afterlife does the epic suggest?
Afterlife for the Mesopotamians wasn't that great. They believed that life after death meant a descent into an underworld. Life was difficult for them and their ideas about the afterlife resembled hardships they faced during their lives while still living.

Chapter 2: First Civilizations
Seven first civilizations emerged independently in locations scattered across the planet, all within a few thousand years from 3500-1000 B.C.E. Beyond the seven first civilizations, other, small civilizations also flourished. As a new form of human society, civilization was beginning its long march toward encompassing almost all of humankind by the twentieth century.
Many scholars of all kinds have been arguing about the origins of civilizations, Civilizations has their roots in the Agriculture Revolution. Thats the reason why they appeared so late in the human story. The first civilization represented a very different kind of human society. All of them were based on highly based on agriculture economies. Various forms of irrigation, drainage, terracing, and flood control enabled these early civilizations. The resources from agriculture is one of the most distinctive features of the first civilizations:cities. As the first civilizations took shape, inequality and hierarchy soon came to be regarded as normal and natural. Upper classes enjoyed great wealth in land or salaries. At the bottom social hierarchies everywhere were slaves. Slavery and civilization seem to emerged together. Women subordination the first civilizations, changing from the more equal relationships of men and women within agricultural villages or Paleolithic bands. Women in Mesopotamia civilization were sometimes divided into two sharply distinguished categories. In Mesopotamia, writing once it had been developed, proved hard to control and operated as a wild card in human affairs. It gave a rise to literature and philosophy, to astronomy and mathematics and in some places to history, often recording of oral traditions.